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Sunt panourile SIP pretabile pentru constructia unei case?

Autor: Quantum Modules | Actualizat la: October 27, 2023
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Panourile SIP (Structural Insulated Panels) sunt materiale de constructii inventate in anii ‘30 de catre Serviciul Forestier American, cu scopul de a proteja padurile.

Acestea sunt realizate, de regula, din doua placi OSB intre care exista un nucleu de spuma (polistiren expandat, polistiren extrudat sau spuma poliuretanica rigida). In locul OSB-ului pot fi folosite o multime de alte materiale, cum ar fi otelul, aluminiul, placile de ciment, plasticul armat sau oxidul de magneziu.

Foarte usor de folosit, panourile SIP sunt pretabile pentru realizarea oricarui tip de constructie cu regim mic de inaltime. Pe langa faptul ca sunt ecologice si protejeaza natura, aceste materiale de constructii reusesc sa evidentieze o serie de avantaje:

  • sunt stabile si rezistente. Constructia monolitica a panourilor asigura o rezistenta foarte buna a peretilor la sarcini mari. Pe verticala, un astfel de perete poate sa reziste chiar si la sarcini de 10 tone.
  • rezista foarte bine in timp. Daca sunt produse corect, panourile SIP nu sunt supuse degradarii si deformarii, fiind foarte putine elemente care le pot afecta;
  • au o conductivitate termica scazuta. Constructiile realizate din panouri SIP pastreaza caldura mult mai bine decat o fac cele din caramida. La panourile SIP performante, cum sunt cele folosite pentru constructia caselor modulare de la Quantum Modules, coeficientul de transfer termic U variaza intre 0.12 W/m2k si 0.22 W/m2k. In comparatie, coeficientul termic al caramizii este de 0.55 m2k.  Acest lucru genereaza economii mari de energie pentru incalzire si pentru racire;
  • sunt ieftine. Pretul unei case din panouri SIP este, de regula, de pana la 2 ori mai mic decat pretul unei case din caramida. La acest avantaj contribuie pretul materialelor si faptul ca necesarul de munca pentru punerea in opera este mult mai mic.

De ce au patruns panourile SIP atat de greu pe piata constructiilor din Romania?

Desi au fost inventate in 1935, panourile SIP au fost folosite de-a lungul mai multor decenii pentru constructia unor case de testare. Initial, eficienta lor nu era una excelenta, insa de-a lungul timpului s-au facut salturi tehnologice uriase, cum ar fi crearea primului SIP cu miez de spuma in anul 1952.

Din 1960, panourile SIP au ajuns sa fie destul de usor disponibile, insa erau intalnite cel mai adesea in America.

Abia incepand cu anii 1990, acest material de constructii a reusit sa depaseasca granitele, in principal datorita tehnologiei de fabricatie asistata de calculator (CAM), care permitea taierea precisa a panourilor, si datorita formarii organizatiei SIPA (Asociatia Structurala a Panourilor Izolate), care a adunat mai multi producatori de panouri si a contribuit semnificativ la promovarea sistemului la nivel mondial.

Numarul relativ mic al caselor din Romania care utilizeaza panouri SIP se datoreaza in principal faptului ca tehnologia a fost adoptata cu dificultate in tara.

Sunt panourile SIP pretabile pentru constructia unei case?

Cu siguranta, da! Chiar daca in Romania nu exista case din SIP foarte vechi, in America exista case construite in urma cu mai bine de 80 de ani, care inca sunt in picioare. Astazi, SIP-urile sunt considerate a fi una dintre cele mai avansate tehnologii de constructii si pot fi folosite in orice zona climatica. Ieftine, rezistente la cutremure, foarte bune izolatoare termic si usor de montat, acestea pot reprezenta materialul de baza pentru casele viitorului.

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