Modular houses made of SIP Plus panels
Structural Insulated Panels
The modular houses made of SIP Plus panels represent contemporary constructions that stand out for their captivating architectural elements, which draw attention to them. They offer an ideal solution for various uses, such as holiday homes, permanent residences or even innovative business opportunities.
The modular houses made of SIP panels, highly appreciated for their properties
SIP Plus panels (Structural Insulated Panels), also known as sandwich panels, are prefabricated elements composed of two OSB boards and an inner layer of high-performance EPS80 polystyrene, with a thickness of 150 mm. Each panel is processed, cut and numbered in the factory, thus facilitating an extremely simple assembly process during assembly.
SIP Plus panels, the solution often used for the construction of Quantum Premium Modules Group houses
SIP Plus panels are used for the construction of modular houses proposed by Quantum Premium Modules Group.
The resistance structure of these types of houses is made of high-performance wood of Scandinavian origin, certified with resistance class C24 (Sandasa Timber brand), and the technology used to close and isolate these structures is based on these SIP Plus panels.
The main features highlighted by these panels are the following:
- Thickness of 174 mm
- The EPS80 performance polystyrene filling, with a thickness of 150 mm
- The average load capacity remains at 8 kN/m²
- Heat transfer coefficient U that varies between 0.12 [W/m2K] and 0.22 [W/m2K]. These values are influenced by the thickness and type of core used in the construction of the panels
- The average weight is 27 kg/m², but this may vary depending on the material used for cladding
- Fire resistant
- Resistance to molds, fungi, etc
The properties of SIP Plus panels manage to highlight a number of major benefits
Regardless of thickness, SIP Plus panels have outstanding insulating properties. A crucial factor in obtaining a reduced thermal resistance coefficient is the core that fills the outer layers of the panels. The most efficient performance is obtained with the boards filled with polyurethane foam. A higher U-coefficient may appear in the case of boards with a polystyrene core.
Technical properties of SIP Plus panel components
OSB boards are made of long and thin wood chips, arranged on three layers, in a cross orientation (the two outer layers are arranged longitudinally, and the inner one transversely). They are glued with wax and synthetic resins by hot pressing. The finished product, the OSB board, is characterized by resistance and a very good performance. This is due both to the composition, wood in proportion of 95%, of the adhesive used for gluing, but also to the strategic way of criss-crossing the chips.
OSB boards can be of several types, depending on how they are used:
- OSB1 – These are boards for general use, which do not have a structural role
- OSB2 – They are boards with a structural role, used in dry environments
- OSB3 – They are load-bearing boards, which can play a structural role even in humid environments
- OSB4 – They are very resistant boards, which can be used in humid environments
The most commonly used are OSB3 boards. They are also used in SIP Plus panels and ensure excellent performance regardless of where they are used.
Characteristics of OSB boards used in construction
- The wooden boards used for the structural elements inside the buildings, in wet conditions, have a nominal thickness between 8 and 25 mm.
- The wooden boards used for the floor covering have a nominal thickness of 12 mm, with a groove
- The wooden boards used for the roof covering have a nominal thickness of 12 mm, 15 mm, 18 mm, with or without the groove
- The wooden boards used to make the skeleton cover have a nominal thickness of 12 mm, without the groove
How is the OSB3 used to make SIP Plus panels manufactured?
1.Sorting and peeling logs (bark removal)
The initial process is based on the use of freshly harvested logs. The first step in log processing is the peeling of the bark, an essential condition for obtaining a top quality surface for the finished product.
This operation takes place within the peeling line, equipped with special knives, which are fixed on the perimeter of a rotating drum or on counter-rotating cylinders. Through the combined action of the superficial peeling and the bark generated by the “claw” knives, together with the intense friction between the logs caused by the rapid rotation of the equipment components, a complete removal of the bark from the logs is obtained.
2.Preparing the logs by washing and soaking
The next step involves redirecting the logs to the washing tunnels, where they are exposed to the hot water spray. The purpose of this procedure is to clean the logs of sand and bark residues, but also to moisten them in preparation for the following peeling process.
3.Cutting chips from logs
After they have been washed and softened, the logs are inserted into the cutting machines. The knives are adjusted to obtain a thickness between 0.5 and 0.9 mm, or a thickness of 170 mm depending on the needs. The logs are cut in the form of chips and later transported to wet storage areas.
4.Drying the chips until reaching the optimal humidity level
From the storage areas, the shavings are directed to the gas-powered dryers. Here, their moisture content is reduced from levels between 60-110% to just 2-3%.
5.Mixing
The procedure involves mixing the shavings with a small amount of special resin, having the role of improving the resistance of the final panel to humidity and its water absorption capacity.
6.Applying the adhesive
In this stage, the chips are treated by spraying a special adhesive.
7.Pressing
In this step, chips and synthetic resins are pressed under pressure to form a rigid and dense structural panel, known as OSB board. Due to the high temperature, the adhesive hardens quickly inside the press, ensuring an excellent bond for the chips and giving an impressive resistance to the final OSB board.
8.Cutting the panels
Immediately after leaving the press, the side edges of the completed board are cut transversely with a diagonal saw, according to the dimensions of the main panel. The temperature of the plates at this stage is approximately 100 degrees Celsius, which is why each panel must be cooled to approximately 40 degrees Celsius.
9.Cooling the panels
The cut panels are subjected to a cooling process, gradually reducing the temperature from 100 degrees Celsius (as they are when they leave the press) to approximately 40 degrees Celsius. After they are completely cooled, they are placed in stacks and sent to the semi-finished warehouse to be subjected to the conditioning process. This conditioning stage has the role of reducing internal tensions and lasts at least 48 hours.
10.Packaging, loading and shipping of panels
After the completion of the laboratory testing, the panels are subjected to a final cutting process, to obtain dimensions with square edges, then they are polished and milling of the profile with the groove is carried out.
The drying process in special rooms, as well as the planing process, are essential for the strength of the final product
The wood is subjected to a drying process, practically representing a heat treatment that increases its resistance. This process gives the material not only an increased resistance, but also effectively protects it against the action of microorganisms.
The traditional method of seasoning the trees and drying them in the open air is now forgotten. The drying process in specialized rooms has become something innovative and takes place in a specially built dryer, where the temperature reaches 75°C. The wood subjected to this drying process is properly protected and keeps its proper properties.
The wood drying process represents an extremely important stage, being one of the most important operations in the case of wood intended for use in construction. Every construction timber must have a low level of humidity. Dry wood has smaller dimensions than that of freshly cut and processed wood, which gives a much more stabilized structure. This characteristic guarantees high resistance properties.
Not only the drying of the wood is important, but also the planing (smoothing) process. Smoothing the wood involves removing imperfections and leveling the surface. This stage gives the finished material a “pure” shape and of the highest quality. Planed wood is characterized by its uniform structure, increased resistance to moisture and fire, as well as immunity to insect attacks. The smoothing process removes biological layers of wood that can serve as food for various organisms.
In a first stage, the wood structure would become extremely susceptible to loads, and during the natural drying and contracting process, it could even collapse. In addition, untreated wood could have a negative impact on the microclimate of the rooms, increasing the risk of insects or fungi attacking the wood.
It is essential to emphasize that engineering specialists clearly highlight the fact that the radial contraction of wood can reach values of up to 8%, varying depending on the wood species. This amplitude represents the margin of error between the initially designed grid, with large dimensions, and the effective structure after the completion of the drying process. In a practical approach, this could even lead to a construction disaster.
This process allows the rapid obtaining of the ideal humidity of the wood, which would be difficult to achieve through the natural drying process. Moreover, thanks to the modular structure of the dryer, the drying parameters can be adjusted individually, taking into account various factors, such as the type of wood or its thickness.
In conclusion, the wood drying process is of essential importance. The humidity of the tree should not exceed 15%, and ideally it would be maintained in a range of 7-13%. This optimal level of humidity not only ensures the durability of the material, but also contributes to maintaining its quality in the long term.
Important
The wood is marked with the EN 14081-1:2005/A1:2011 code. It is a European standard that specifies all the requirements for visually graded and machined structural timber with rectangular cross-sections shaped by cutting, planing (smoothing) or by other methods and that deviate from the target dimensions corresponding to EN 336. This European standard covers rectangular structural timber , untreated or treated against biological attacks. This European standard does not cover wood treated with flame retardant products. This European standard identifies a minimum of characteristics for which limits must be given in the visual classification rules. Jointed wood is not covered by this European standard.
Important features:
- Generic types/groups: spruce and pine of Northern and North-Eastern Europe
- Thickness range: 36-70 mm
- Width range: 45-300 mm
- Surface finish: flat or even
- Dry or wet grading: dry grading
- Strength, stiffness and density: 142 C30, C24, C18 or C16 (according to EN 338)
- Release of hazardous substances: No hazardous substances
What are the main advantages of OSB3 boards?
- They have a high dimensional stability. Practically, they can be used in any construction with very good precision, which leads to saving time. They are available in many different shapes and sizes
- They have a density of at least 600 kg/m3. The density is guaranteed in the performance declaration
- I have certificates attesting that the product is free of pests
- They meet European standards regarding formaldehyde emissions
Also, on the list of advantages are the low cost, low weight, long life, sound and thermal insulation, elasticity, the large dimensions of the plates, easy handling, the possibility of being used both indoors and outdoors,
Polystyrene tiles
Expanded polystyrene tiles are marked with the EN 13163: 2012+A1:2015 code.
This European standard specifies the requirements for products made of expanded polystyrene, with or without coatings, which are used for the thermal insulation of buildings. The products are manufactured in the form of planks or rolls.
In addition, it specifies the characteristics of the product and includes testing procedures, conformity assessment, marking and labeling.
The products covered by this European standard are also used for sound and thermal insulation of composite panels. The performance of systems incorporating these products is not covered.
This European standard does not specify the class or level required for a certain property that must be achieved by a product to demonstrate fitness for purpose in a certain application. The classes and levels required for a particular application are found in non-conflicting regulations or standards.
Products with a declared thermal resistance lower than 0.25 m2K/W or a declared thermal conductivity at 10 °C higher than 0.060 W/(m•K) are not covered by this European standard.
The plates are manufactured by the polystyrene foaming method and are intended for thermal insulation that requires the transfer of medium mechanical loads.
Available board sizes:
- Standard: 1000 x 500 mm
- Board finish: smooth or overlapping edges
Polystyrene tiles cannot be used in direct contact with substances destructive to polystyrene, for example, organic solvents (acetone, benzene or gasoline).
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) boards are used for SIP Plus panels.
Expanded polystyrene has the following properties:
- It is manufactured by expanding spherical beads in a mold, using heat and pressure to fuse the beads. While each individual strand is a closed-cell environment, there are significant open spaces between each strand.
- The EPS beads are cast in large blocks which are later cut by hot wire machines into sheets or special shapes by computer controlled systems.
- The EPS blowing agent dissolves the beads quite quickly, creating thousands of tiny air-filled cells.
- EPS insulation is composed of organic elements – carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It does not contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) or hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), being recyclable in many stages of the life cycle.
EPS benefits
Properties of EPS 80 EKOBUD, used for SIP Plus panels
Information about SIP Plus Panels used at Quantum Premium Modules Group
SIP Plus panels are therefore advantageous, have excellent properties and can be used in many types of construction. Within the Quantum Premium Modules Group modular houses, they are used both for the construction of interior walls and for the construction of exterior walls, based on a structural execution project.
The SIP Plus panels from the Quantum Premium Modules Group projects present a series of properties that make them very efficient:
- They have edges made in such a way that they can be perfectly combined with the frames of the wooden structure. The wooden structure frames have the same thickness as the polystyrene in the panels;
- They are delivered with a label in which important details are specified: the name of the manufacturer and its address, the name of the product and the number symbolizing the mass per surface unit, dimensions (surface area, length, width), areas of use, storage conditions and installation conditions in the opera.
- They have standard dimensions:
- Lungimea: 2500 ÷ 2800 ± 3 mm;
- Latimea: 650 ÷ 1250 ± 3 mm;
- SIP thickness: 100, 120, 174 ± 2 mm.
- They have a thickness that varies depending on the thickness of the polystyrene layer:
| EPS | OSB/3 | SIP |
|---|---|---|
| 150 | 12 | 174 |
| 100 | 10 | 120 |
| 80 | 10 | 100 |
Putting into operation the components of Quantum Premium Modules Group modular houses
SIP Plus panels can be positioned both vertically, horizontally or on an inclined plane. Depending on the positioning method, the implementation differs:
Vertical positioning:
- Ensuring anchoring in the plinth area of the foundation by means of mechanical anchors according to the structural calculations for each individual model.
- Placing the vertical panels by incorporating the base beams, according to the paneling plan provided in each execution project depending on the type of modular house.
- Stiffening of the vertical panels on the upper part by connecting them with the wooden beams arranged at the level specified in the structure project.
- The vertical fixing is done both by joining the panels (the edges of the panels must “wrap” exactly the structural wood), and by stiffening with the help of special wooden self-tapping screws.
The installation of the external panels is done starting from one of the corners of the building, where an end block type plate is mounted. The corners are fixed with self-tapping screws in steps, at an interval of 40-50 mm.
Next to the windows and doors, the gaps are provided with a wooden perimeter structure, embedded in the middle area of the SIP Plus panel.
The installation of partition walls made of SIP Plus panels is carried out according to the same principle: the crown plate is fixed, and the partition blocks on it. They can have the same thickness as the external walls, but SIP Plus panels with smaller thicknesses can also be used.
Horizontal or inclined positioning:
- The horizontal placement and fixing of the panels is done with the help of metal parts fixed with special bolts (cylindrical rods) in the wooden structure of the horizontal beams, according to the project.
- The inclined roof panels are fixed using the same process as the vertical ones, but there is an important particularity: the SIP Plus beams or panels are processed at various angles, depending on the degree of inclination provided in the structural project.
Installation of carpentry
The joinery meets all the standards that have been introduced since the beginning of 2022. It is a triple-glazed joinery that meets the European standard of:
- Thermal coefficient below: Uw=0.9 W/m2*K
- Glass type: 4th/18Ar/4thUg=0.5
- Solar gain = 54%
- Light transmission = 74%
- Sound: Rw=35 (-2;-6) dB
- White PVC profile on the inside and anthracite on the outside
Realization of the roof
The roof is made using metal joint plates, manufactured by Budmat, one of the most famous manufacturers in the field.
The tiles are painted in an electrostatic field (which makes them extremely resistant), in the color RAL 7015 (anthracite grey).
For the Quantum Premium Modules Group modular houses, simple roof panels with a classic shape, easy to install, were chosen. They additionally strengthen the roof, offer a pleasant appearance, are durable and ensure a low implementation cost.
Features of Budmat sheet panels
- Material: coated steel
- Total width: 542 mm
- Effective width: 510 mm
- Total height: 25 mm
- Zinc coating: minimum 275 g/m2
- Minimum roof slope: 14%
Useful information:
The wood used (timber for construction) is treated with a special impregnation agent, which protects it against fire, fungi, mold and harmful insects. It goes through a drying process carried out under pressure in specialized rooms, which also applies to the paneling used. Due to the optimal content of anti-rot, anti-mold active agents, as well as very resistant pigments, the constructions will be characterized by durability and color resistance.
All our products are Green Homes certified. This guarantees an ecological home, with minimal maintenance costs. Quantum Premium Modules Group houses are specially designed and built from sustainable materials, which have no impact on the environment. Green Homes (Casa Verde, as it is known in Romania) is an increasingly popular real estate concept in Romania.
The environmental impact of SIP Plus construction systems
- Exceptional R values (thermal resistance), contribute to superior thermal comfort and reduced operational costs.
- Airtight buildings allow better control over indoor environmental conditions.
- Healthy indoor environments.
- The reduction of heating and cooling bills (regularly 60% less) helps to reduce the demand for utilities and non-renewable energy.
- Buildings that use less energy (fossil fuel consumption) significantly help reduce carbon emissions and minimize additional pollution.
- Factory, off-site production offers a product with much less on-site waste (typically 60% less) than other construction methods.
- Designed and manufactured with extreme and superior resistance for the challenges that nature presents.
- A product made from renewable OSB resources and 100% recyclable EPS insulation.
What is included in the price of modular houses with a wooden structure and SIP Plus panels?
Modular houses are delivered with all the parts that customers need for a fast and safe construction:
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